Calculate an IPv4 network
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Understanding CIDR
In 192.168.10.42/24, the number after the slash says how many bits belong to the network prefix. A larger prefix leaves fewer bits for addresses inside that subnet.
Network, broadcast and wildcard
The network address identifies the start of the subnet. In traditional IPv4 subnets, the broadcast address is the last address. A wildcard mask is the bitwise inverse of the subnet mask and appears in some routing and access-control configurations.
/31 and /32
/31 and /32 have special uses, so the classic “network and broadcast are unusable” rule should not be applied blindly to every context.