Simple definition
VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. When enabled, some or all of your device's network traffic is sent through an encrypted tunnel to a VPN server. That server then connects to Internet services on your behalf.
Websites usually see the VPN server's public IP instead of the one assigned directly by your ISP. Your ISP still knows that your connection is active and can usually see that you are communicating with VPN infrastructure, but the tunneled destinations are less directly visible to the local network.
What a VPN can protect
- Your original public IP from the websites you visit.
- Traffic between your device and the VPN server, especially on untrusted Wi-Fi.
- Some network activity from the operator of the local connection.
- Your apparent IP-based location, depending on the exit server.
What it does not hide
A VPN does not delete cookies, sign you out of accounts or remove browser fingerprinting signals. If you sign in to Google, Microsoft or a social network, that service can still identify the account.
It also does not replace software updates, multi-factor authentication, a password manager or HTTPS.
Continue the guide
How a VPN works
Follow the path from your device through the tunnel to the exit server.
Benefits & limitations
Learn when a VPN helps and what it cannot solve.
Free vs paid VPNs
Compare business models and selection criteria.
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